Global journal of Business and Integral Security

Advanced Dimensions of Serious Frauds in Corporate Governance: A Multidisciplinary Analysis

Kislay Panday — 2024-12-12

Ensuring high-quality financial reporting is crucial to maintain stakeholder trust following major financial scandals. The fraudulent financial activities of a company can have substantial adverse effects on the overall economy, investors, workers, clients, and vendors. There has been a lot of debate in recent years about the methods that can be used to stop or expose unethical and opportunistic actions by companies. This study offers a thorough examination of corporate governance and its consequences for effectively combating fraud in organizational settings. The study highlights the crucial significance of corporate governance, which is confirmed by using Cronbach's Alpha to evaluate the reliability of survey instruments that measure different aspects related to governance awareness, types and causes of fraud, advanced fraud dimensions, governance effectiveness, technology integration, and recommendations for improvement. The internal consistency across these categories was thoroughly evaluated, revealing strong Cronbach's Alpha coefficients that indicate a high level of reliability and coherence among the survey items. The results confirm the dependability of assessments related to understanding of corporate governance, types of fraud, and proposals for reform. Additionally, the integration of technology and the efficacy of governance also exhibit appropriate levels of reliability. The results of this study establish a strong basis for comprehending the viewpoints of employees on governance processes and awareness of fraud. This will enable well-informed strategic choices to be made in order to improve the integrity, compliance, and resilience of the firm. Furthermore, the regression analysis demonstrates a significant correlation between corporate governance standards and instances of corporate fraud, suggesting that enhancements in governance are linked to reported reductions in fraud incidents. Corporate governance variables account for a significant proportion (40.2%) of the variation in fraud incidences, highlighting their crucial role in preventing fraud within firms. Future research should give priority to conducting longitudinal studies in order to evaluate the long-term effects of governance improvements on fraud prevention. Additionally, cross-industry analyses should be conducted to identify governance challenges that are specific to different sectors. Qualitative investigations should be carried out to examine the organizational contexts and stakeholder perceptions related to fraud prevention. Furthermore, research should explore the use of emerging technologies in governance and strategies for preventing fraud. Furthermore, by assessing the efficacy of training programs, analyzing the dynamics of global governance, and evaluating the impact of regulatory changes and environmental, social, and governance factors on governance frameworks, a deeper understanding can be gained. This understanding can then be used to mitigate fraud risks and promote ethical behavior in various organizational contexts. Researchers and professionals are urged to focus on filling in research gaps and promoting collaboration across different disciplines in order to enhance understanding, create strategies based on evidence, and contribute to the continuous improvement of effective governance frameworks and fraud management practices worldwide. This proactive strategy will help firms effectively navigate the intricacies of governance, improve transparency, and protect organizational integrity in a rapidly changing and linked business environment.

GARP Outperformance Over Growth: Towards an Old and a New Paradigm

Frederik Bossens — 2024-12-12

Value investing and growth investing are two forms of investing. Previous research demonstrates that value outperforms growth. This paradigm has been broadly supported in literature. GARP is another form of investment that was forgotten in the paradigm. GARP needs to be introduced in that paradigm. According to literature, it is expected that GARP will outperform growth but not value. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to complete the paradigm by demonstrating GARP’s outperformance over growth and underperformance compared to value. However, researchers have noticed large-scale changes in performance that started occurring around the Great Financial Crisis. Growth seems to have started outperforming value, in contradiction to the traditional value outperforming growth paradigm. However, there are still mixed findings around the world on whether growth or value outperforms. A global model for outperformance is therefore needed. A major part of this research is aimed at testing the changes in outperformance, and setting up GARP’s place in the new paradigm, where growth now seems to outperform value. For the first period, it turns out that value and GARP outperform growth about as much in the period before the GFC, both in developing and emerging markets. However, there is no outperformance of growth, value, nor GARP in the second period, except in emerging markets. It is evident that the old paradigm of value outperforming growth in the period before the GFC, can be completed by introducing a GARP strategy that will be roughly as strong, in outperforming growth, as value. However, for the period starting in the GFC, tech companies performance was flat for all strategies in developed markets. However, in emerging markets, there are still huge profits to be made by tangible asset based value and GARP companies, the evidence shows the outperformance of GARP and the performance of value that is similar to the old paradigm. Hence, it becomes more important for investors to move towards emerging markets to have statistical backing. These tangible asset based value and GARP companies form the basis for what can be called the new paradigm of outperformance of GARP and value over growth, that has shifted to the emerging markets. In this study, all of this was proven by a battery of nineteen tests, with the testing of the outperformance as the most important test, while others, including paired t-tests, correlation analyses, F-tests, covariance tests, Phillips-Oullaris tests, and outliers tests, were used to provide more knowledge and reliability to the findings.

The Complex Leadership and Management Challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Impacting the Overall Performance and Effectiveness of Organizations; and What Strategies Could Be Employed to Overcome Them Effectively

Jameel Shariff — 2024-12-12

The importance of effective leadership in contemporary organizational environments cannot be overstated. This study examines the complex and diverse aspects of leadership, the difficulties it presents, and its changing significance in modern-day organizations. This study focuses on exploring the dynamic relationship between leadership and management, the ethical utilization of power, and the ramifications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on leadership methodologies.
Purpose: The objective is to conduct a thorough examination of difficulties encountered by leaders and managers in a variety of organizational settings, to elucidate the complexities of leadership, and to underscore its crucial significance in influencing organizations' results.
Methods: This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of existing literature to create a solid theoretical framework, utilizing scholarly sources to examine important ideas such as problems in leadership, ethical utilization of power, relationships between leadership and management, and the transformational impact of technology.
Results: A range of leadership obstacles, including difficulties in communicating, resolving conflicts, and navigating ethical quandaries are revealed. The concept of leadership transcends mere authority and encompasses ethical utilization of power - a task that has become progressively intricate in contemporary society. Although leadership and management are separate concepts, they are interconnected, since managers have a role in establishing favorable work conditions. The integration of technology and management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution has resulted in the transformation of leadership practices, leading to improved efficiency.
Conclusion: The presence of effective leadership is of utmost importance in navigating organizations through the complexities and obstacles of the modern day. This study highlights the complex characteristics of leadership and its significant influence on achieving organizational objectives, the need to employ ethical practices in power utilization, and the interdependent functions of leadership and management. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on leadership methodologies.

Implications: The findings have substantial implications for academics and practical applications, enhance comprehension of the intricate nature of leadership, provide valuable advice for leaders and managers as they navigate the ever-changing organizational environment, and highlight the imperative of ongoing adaptation and creativity in leadership to achieve excellence in a dynamic and continuously evolving global context.

Regulating Generative AI Technologies and Their Impact on Futuristic Research and Innovation

Bhalchandra Bapat — 2024-12-12

This study investigates the regulatory landscape surrounding generative AI (GenAI) technologies and their implications for research and innovation in India. The objectives are to identify crucial regulatory aspects for GenAI, analyse privacy concerns and power dynamics impacting its adoption, evaluate the influence of existing government policies and legislation, assess the effectiveness of Indian regulatory bodies, and recommend a robust regulatory framework. The research addresses five key questions: the essential elements of GenAI regulations, the influence of privacy and power dynamics on GenAI implementation, the impact of current policies on regulatory effectiveness, the role of regulatory bodies in technology adoption, and the effect of regulations on futuristic research and innovation.
The study employs a comprehensive analysis of existing regulations and frameworks, privacy concerns, and the role of Indian regulatory bodies in shaping the technologies of GenAI. Overall, 480 relevant stakeholders were enrolled in the study. It examines the effectiveness of government policies and legislation in addressing the unique challenges posed by GenAI. The research finds that significant differences exist in the regulatory aspects of GenAI, particularly concerning considerations, security standards, accountability, transparency, and explain ability. Additionally, the impact of current policies and legislation on regulatory effectiveness is substantial, highlighting areas for improvement. The study also reveals that Indian regulatory bodies play a critical role in shaping GenAI adoption, though there is room for enhancement in their strategies. The findings underscore the need for a well-defined regulatory framework to address privacy concerns and power dynamics, ensuring that GenAI technologies can be effectively regulated while fostering innovation. Recommendations include refining existing regulations and developing new guidelines to balance regulatory oversight with technological advancement. This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory challenges and opportunities associated with GenAI, contributing to the formulation of policies that support both technological progress and ethical considerations.

The Future of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs): An Analysis of Regulatory and Compliance Challenges and Opportunities

Adam Sulkis — 2024-12-12

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) over the recent years have jumped into the limelight, making us rethink how we view owning physical or nonphysical items that have value to us. These so called ‘digital assets’ make us constantly question how we can own an intangible item of any sort, in an ever-evolving digital age. NFTs encompass virtually everything we can think of in regard to tangible items, but now intangible, such as contracts, paintings, land, video games, whom attract all of their accompanying creators, artists, facilitators, and collectors, especially for their ability to put the control and power of creation back into their creators hands. What accompanies all of this is a sense of uncertainty, particularly in the regulation and of such assets. Questions about who has the rights to any sort of intellectual property, laws around purchase and sale, and whether the market of NFTs is even legitimate, have all cropped up since the sudden surge of NFT interest starting in 2021. Despite the general pop culture idea that NFTs are just a meme to be mocked, there is still a need to implement some sort of regulatory framework. This framework would protect investors, reduce risk of investing in such assets, and squeeze out mal actors that seek to take advantage of the burgeoning sector. This is akin to the implementation of the US ‘blue sky law’ era 100 years ago, where laws were enacted to protect stock market investors. The following these will engage in various methods producing various results, that create a discussion, to analyze this unique area of digital investment and collectables’ regulation and compliance, which will reveal the complex nature of generating a safe investment realm for buyers, while simultaneously preserving the rights and overall creativity environment of NFT creators.

Comprehensive Review of Zakat Accounting System in Afghanistan, Its Challenges and Solution in the Light of Sharia

Sayed Anwar Khogyani — 2024-12-12

This dissertation provided a comprehensive review of the Zakat accounting system in Afghanistan, examining its practices, challenges, and potential solutions within the framework of Sharia law. Zakat, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, plays a crucial role in promoting wealth equity and addressing poverty. However, the implementation of an effective Zakat system in Afghanistan faced numerous obstacles, including a lack of standardized accounting practices, inadequate regulatory frameworks, and socio-economic instability.
After diving into a bunch of research and doing some qualitative analysis, this study found some major issues like messy Zakat collection and distribution, corruption, and people just not knowing enough about it. It also looked into how these problems affect Zakat’s ability to tackle poverty and push for social justice.
In light of Sharia principles, the dissertation proposed several solutions to enhance the Zakat accounting system in Afghanistan. These included the establishment of a centralized Zakat authority, the adoption of standardized accounting practices, and the implementation of transparent and accountable mechanisms for Zakat collection and distribution. The study also stressed how crucial it is to get the community involved and educated so people feel more confident and on board with the Zakat system.
This research really adds to the conversation about Islamic finance and social welfare, giving some solid suggestions for policymakers, religious leaders, and financial institutions on how to make Zakat work better in Afghanistan. What we learned from this study not only sheds light on how Zakat fits into Afghanistan's economy but also points out the changes needed to improve the Zakat accounting system so it can actually help people in the community who need it most. Through these efforts, the dissertation aimed to foster a more equitable and just society, aligned with the ethical imperatives of Islamic finance.

Assessing Gender Inequality and Lack of Women and Women of Colour in Upper Management Positions in Transport for London, United Kingdom

Ifeoma Okoronta — 2024-12-12

Gender inequality and the underrepresentation of women in upper management positions pose significant challenges within organizations, hindering progress towards achieving gender equity and diversity. The general objective of this study is to assess gender inequality and lack of women and women of colour in upper management positions in Transport for London. Two theoretical frameworks guide the study namely: Intersectionality, which explores how multiple social identities intersect to create unique experiences, and Social Role theory, which examines how societal norms shape gender roles and behavior. The research design is cross-sectional design within the mixed methods approach. The study population consists of all employees at Transport for London, with a sample size of 80 determined statistically. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select participants from four subsidiaries and eight departments in the organisation. Data were collected using questionnaires for quantitative data and in-depth interviews for qualitative data. All qualitative data collected was analyzed and arranged in themes. Quantitative data on the other hand was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study include that barriers to equal representation of gender in the workplace included limited female mentors in top management (31.2%) and perceptions of unequal consideration for both men and women for positions (43.8%). Discriminatory practices against women of colour were reported, including racial references by co-workers and perceived qualifications based on skin colour. The Chi-square test results show a statistical significant relationship between men and women responses and men being perceived to be more capable of carrying out official management tasks compared to women(p=0.00), men and women being believed to earn the same salary for the same tasks(p<0.00), both men and women being perceived to have equal opportunities for wage increase (p<0.00)and bonuses as well as human resource decisions being seen as creating barriers for female employees to take on qualified job positions (p=0.00).The study concludes that through continued research, advocacy, and concerted action, meaningful progress can be achieved towards a more equitable and inclusive future for all employees irrespective of their gender or race.
Keywords: Gender inequality, women, women of colour, upper management, United Kingdom

Machine Learning Applications in Predictive Maintenance: A Focus on Clutch Failures

Niraj Dev Pandey — 2024-12-12

This paper aims to present an overview of predictive maintenance in the automotive industry, focusing on machine learning (ML) techniques predicting failure of the Clutches. The paper also aims to address the pros and cons of such an approach for business. How it has and will impact the automotive industry in the coming future. Predictive maintenance is an important aspect of the automotive industry as it enables the proactive identification of potential failures in equipment and systems, reducing the risk of downtime and improving overall efficiency.
In recent years, machine learning techniques have emerged as powerful tools for predictive maintenance (PdM), enabling the development of more accurate and efficient predictive models. The paper will provide an overview of the various machine-learning techniques used in predictive maintenance for vehicle Clutch damage prediction. This research includes regression models, decision trees, and neural networks. Additionally, it will explore the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of predictive maintenance using machine learning in the automotive industry, including data quality, class imbalance, model interpretation, and organizational buy-in.
Additionally, the paper will present some case studies of predictive maintenance in the automotive industry that have successfully utilized machine learning techniques, highlighting the business benefits and potential of this approach. Moreover, our research
highlights various instances of predictive maintenance implementation within the industry, providing insightful and pertinent content for senior executives at manufacturing and transportation companies. These decision-makers can gain valuable knowledge about the advantages of predictive maintenance solutions and gain insight into the advancements made by their counterparts in this field. This paper contributes to the field of PdM by identifying and discussing significant research gaps in the field. Our analysis of the current literature highlights the need for further research in this area, and we propose several avenues for future investigation.

Advancing Environmental Sustainability: Integrating ESG Strategies in the Global Mobility and Relocation Industry

Matthew Eschrich — 2024-12-12

The Relocation and Global Mobility industry was formed in 1969 as a catalyst to support enterprise mobility solutions for human capital deployment globally. As our world has continued to become increasingly globalized, it is imperative for the industry to evaluate current practices as it relates to environmental protection, as part of a holistic approach to preserving the environment for future generations. The Global Mobility industry market size is expected to reach $28.35bn by the year 2030, of which $17.66bn will originate from the United States. The United States has also historically seen that on average, 1.6%+ of eligible workers have relocated for a new job annually (Coherent Market Insights 2023). The industry has prioritized components of ESG, focusing primarily on the Social and Governance pieces. However, it has often overlooked the Environmental adoption. The industry produces substantial greenhouse gas emissions due to the procurement of relocation services for corporate mobility programs. This research project focuses on discovering the link between corporate mobility programs and their necessary coexistence within a sustainable framework which is critical for the future. It will evaluate whether environmental adoption within the industry is feasible for long-term growth while prioritizing people, the planet, and profits.

Examining the Relationship Between Entrepreneurship, Marketing Capability, Innovation, and Business Strategy on Sustainable Firm Performance: A Case Study of SMEs in Thailand's Special Economic Zone

Anu Yaemsaeng — 2024-12-12

This research investigates the multifaceted interplay between entrepreneurship, marketing capabilities, innovation, business strategy, and firm performance within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) of Thailand. The study aims to determine the effect of these core components on the sustainable performance and competitive advantage of SMEs. The primary objective is to analyse how entrepreneurship and marketing capabilities drive innovation and business strategy, ultimately influencing sustainable firm performance. The research focuses on understanding these dynamics within the Thai SEZ context to provide actionable insights for policy makers and academic researchers. A quantitative research methodology was employed, involving a survey of 327 SMEs in the SEZ. The data collected were subjected to various statistical analyses, including normal distribution tests, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling, to validate the proposed conceptual framework and test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that entrepreneurship and marketing capabilities significantly impact innovation, which in turn influences business strategy. The results underscore that a well-defined business strategy is critical for achieving sustainable firm performance. Furthermore, the study confirms that innovation acts as a mediator between entrepreneurship, marketing capabilities, and business strategy, facilitating the translation of entrepreneurial and marketing efforts into strategic actions that enhance firm performance. The research concludes that fostering entrepreneurship and enhancing marketing capabilities are vital for SMEs aiming to innovate and develop robust business strategies. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the strategic integration of these elements to achieve sustainable performance in competitive markets. The insights derived from this research can inform policy development and guide future academic inquiries into the dynamics of SME performance in similar economic zones.