Global journal of Business and Integral Security

ESG Rating Formula for the Freight Forwarding Industry

Alex Philip — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800

This study focuses on ESG rating for Freight Forwarding Industry, which is mainly an asset
light industry. Freight Forwarding Industry uses Ships, Aircrafts, Trucks, Warehouses etc.
owned by other companies. Currently there are various ESG rating agencies which collects
data from company websites, annual reports, CSR reports / Sustainability reports, media
sources, company disclosures, NGO reports, stock exchange filing, survey etc. ESG does not
have a Globally Uniform Standard Reporting, which makes it confusing and difficult to
compare. As of now, rating agencies use different weightage, criteria, and evaluation
methods irrespective of geographical location. Further, they are mainly transaction focused
and not system focused. For multinational companies which operates in many countries,
country specific weightages are not considered.
This study derives a new a formula for ESG rating by considering all the possible criteria,
giving appropriate weightage to environment, social and governance for the respective
country. The final company score will be the cumulative of, country score and business
volume for the respective year. The Global ESG Score for a company will be represented as
GS (Global ESG Score).
GS = S ( CSi * BVi )
Global ESG Score = S (Country ESG Score * Country’s Business volume)
vi
The weightages used are globally accepted country specific indexes. This will help
different stake holders (viz, shareholders, employees, business partners, government) of the
company to have measurable, testable, and convincing SBTi with respect to ESG score.
To have better clarity and understanding on the new formula, a case study with 3 years real
data of an MNC has been included in this study.

Breaking Barriers: Unraveling the Challenges Hindering AI Adoption in Marketing Across Different Industries in the United States

Deepak Renganathan — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800

In today's world, artificial intelligence is utilized across various industries to replicate human intelligence traits such as learning, problem-solving, and planning. In marketing, AI is key in aiding decision-making processes and involving customers more personally. The range of AI technologies applicable to marketing is extensive and can be categorized as machine learning algorithms, natural language processing (NLP), and recommendation engines. These technologies enable the collection, analysis, and prediction of consumer behaviour on unprecedented accuracy and scale, allowing for targeted and customized content. This study aims to explore how AI can be effectively employed in different aspects of the marketing landscape and evaluate the extent of its adoption and potential barriers in various industries in the United States. The study employed mixed methods, including surveys and interviews with CMOs and AI thought leaders. The online survey had 100 participants of both genders, while 10-15 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Survey data was analysed using quantitative analysis with SPSS, and open-ended questions were analysed through thematic analysis. The study highlighted the status of AI implementation in marketing and identified factors likely to impact organizations' ability to leverage the value of AI. Key emerging issues include data integration, a need for more skilled personnel, and work culture, commonly encountered during AI implementation in digital transformation. "Content Generation" emerged as the marketing area where firms anticipate AI to have the greatest influence in the next year, according to more than one-third of the survey respondents. There is also concern about potential job loss due to AI, with 23.6% of the workforce expressing worry about the future of their employment. Overcoming the barriers will require honest discussions about how AI can enhance, rather than replace, human abilities. Presently, more than 80% of the companies are NOT driving AI as an Agenda. They are on Wait and Watch and are apprehensive due to barriers on the path. The study concluded that AI tools can be used across organizations to improve client experiences and overall marketing outcomes, providing companies with a competitive edge in the market. By prioritizing internal opportunities and addressing ethical concerns, companies can leverage the positive effects of implementing AI systems to achieve organizational goals. However the path is not easily achievable and needs a rigorous change management agenda

Navigating the Future of Work: The Impact of AI on Organizational Trust

Kate Barker — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800

In the age of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), the traditional paradigms of trust in leadership are being profoundly challenged and reshaped. The rapid advancement of GenAI technologies offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation and efficiency but also poses significant risks related to misinformation, erosion of trust, and ethical dilemmas. This research paper delves into the complexities of maintaining and building trust in leadership amidst the proliferation of GenAI, aiming to uncover the challenges leaders face and strategize effective responses.
The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of GenAI on the dynamics of trust in leadership, focusing on how the technology influences the spread of misinformation, the ethical considerations it entails, and the subsequent effects on organizational and societal trust. Through a comprehensive literature review, the paper identifies key areas where GenAI intersects with issues of trust and leadership, laying the groundwork for a deeper investigation.
Methodologically, the study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, integrating insights from psychology, sociology, computer science, and organizational behavior. It employs a mixed-methods strategy, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews and case studies to gather diverse perspectives from leaders across industries that have begun to integrate GenAI technologies. The research targets a range of organizations, from tech giants to traditional firms venturing into digital transformation, to provide a broad understanding of the challenges and strategies related to trust in the context of GenAI.
Findings from the study highlight a nuanced landscape where GenAI acts as a double-edged sword in relation to trust. On one hand, GenAI can enhance decision-making processes, streamline operations, and personalize customer experiences, thereby potentially strengthening trust in leadership. On the other hand, the ability of GenAI to produce convincing yet fabricated content can undermine trust, as leaders grapple with the spread of misinformation and the ethical implications of AI-generated decisions.
The conclusion of the research underscores the importance of adopting a balanced approach to leveraging GenAI in leadership practices. It calls for leaders to cultivate a deep understanding of the technology's capabilities and limitations, emphasizing the need for transparency, ethical responsibility, and ongoing dialogue with stakeholders to navigate the trust challenges posed by GenAI. The study proposes a framework for ethical AI governance and recommends strategies for leaders to foster an environment of trust, such as implementing robust verification processes for AI-generated content, promoting digital literacy, and engaging in ethical AI development and usage practices.
This thesis contributes to the evolving discourse on trust in the age of GenAI, offering valuable insights for leaders seeking to harness the benefits of technological advancements while mitigating risks and preserving the foundation of trust that underpins effective leadership and organizational success.

The Ethical Evaluation of Corporate Moral Intelligence in Promoting Strategic Human Resource Development and Organizational Agility in Thailand

Kemisa Boonyakiate — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800

This dissertation presents an in-depth exploration of Corporate Moral Intelligence (CMI) and its profound influence on Strategic Human Resource Development (SHRD) and Organizational Agility (OA) within the context of Thai Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). This study fills a crucial gap in the existing literature by adopting a rigorous quantitative research approach to examine the practical implications of CMI in an environment characterized by resource constraints, rapid market dynamics, and diverse stakeholder expectations. The research places particular emphasis on Thai SMEs, serving as a microcosm to investigate the unique challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of CMI. Rooted in the distinctive blend of traditional values and global economic integration that characterizes the Thai business landscape, this study employs surveys, interviews, and performance metrics to gain a nuanced understanding of the socio-cultural awareness within the region and its implications for organizational behavior.
Acknowledging that the implementation of CMI in Thai SMEs presents distinct challenges, including the impact of traditional hierarchical structures on the dissemination of ethical values across organizational levels, this research recognizes the interconnectedness between these challenges and the broader economic context in Thailand. The quantitative research approach entails the distribution of structured surveys to a representative sample of SMEs across diverse sectors in Thailand. This instrument assesses the degree of CMI within organizations, the integration of ethical considerations into HR practices, and the perceived impact on organizational agility, taking into account the nuances of the Thai economic landscape. Rigorous statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, ensure a comprehensive examination of potential relationships between CMI, SHRD, and OA. The use of established scales for measuring ethical climate, human resource development practices, and organizational agility enhances the reliability and validity of the research findings. The implications of this research extend to both the academic and practitioner communities. For practitioners, especially SME leaders, this study offers practical insights into the tangible benefits and challenges associated with adopting CMI, enabling informed decision-making and the cultivation of sustainable business practices within the dynamic Thai business environment. Subsequent chapters of this dissertation will delve into the research design, data collection methods, and analysis procedures, providing a comprehensive and nuanced exploration of CMI within the ever-evolving landscape of Thai SMEs, with due consideration to the broader economic and organizational context.

The Principle of Geodemocracy and its impact on FDI, global supply chain and global sourcing

Kevin Bharrien — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800

This dissertation investigates the intricate dynamics of Geodemocracy in the contemporary world, focusing on the interplay between geopolitics, power, and policy in shaping global political landscapes. By employing a multidisciplinary approach, the study integrates perspectives from political science, geography, international relations, and economics to offer a comprehensive analysis.
The research begins with a theoretical framework that revisits classical Geodemocracy Theory and contextualizes them within modern realities, then study the impact of Geodemocracy Theory on foreign direct investment (FDI), global supply chain (GSC) and global sourcing (GS) around the world, and focuses on how to mitigate potential uncertainties and risks.
The Geodemocracy Index (GMI) is a combined tool to dynamically estimate risks from three major pillars: democracy, economy and geopolitics, which might be utilized by business practitioners as an indicator for international business activities. The dissertation also explains how GMI functions:
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What is geodemocracy?
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How does the GMI impact FDI, global supply chain, and global sourcing?
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How do business practitioners mitigate risks when executing FDI, GSC, and global sourcing by using GMI analysis?

Impact of Occupational Stress of Employees on Company’s Performance in the Punjab and Gujarat Textile Sector of India

Rakesh Kumar Sharma — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800

With the increasing demands of job requirements, organizational stress has become a prevalent issue in workplace. Work-related stress poses a significant challenge for organizations as it diminishes productivity, increases absenteeism, and contributes to various employee issues such as alcoholism, drug abuse, high blood pressure, and heart diseases. Occupational Stressors and the changing work environment over the past 40 years, economic globalization policies, which have influenced labour markets and work organisation, have increased work stressors. Other contributors to increasing job stress have included use of new information technologies that reduce the number of workers needed to produce goods or services, thereby increasing job insecurity, as well as declines in both union membership and labour production. Employers in manufacturing, healthcare, social services, and government are implementing new systems of work organisation, known as lean production, lean sigma, total quality management, or new public management and all of which are modern versions of scientific management or Taylorism, which can increase occupational stress. Occupational stress impacts not only occupation itself and organizational efficiency and effectiveness but it (Occupational Stress) has strong bearings on physiological, behavioural, and psychological aspects of employees. Indian Textile sector which is the second largest employment generator after agriculture and 7% of total Indian GDP needed special focus and attentions. Ultimate success or failure of an organization is determined majorly by the performance of their employees. Work stress really costs the companies and finally country’s economy billions of dollars. Textiles sector of India has partially been touched upon by the researchers with respect to occupational stress and its implications on performance. Present study highlights the specific areas of occupational stress and help the organizations to take remedial measures thru state-of-the-art diagnostic analysis. 12 insights pertaining to diversified areas e.g. role overload to unprofitability makes this research specific and unique. Prevailing stress level of employees is the independent variable whereas organization’s performance is the dependent variable. Effective and efficient stress management is the ultimate outcome of this study. Researchers, industry managers, employees, promoters, doctors, employee’s families, and government shall be the beneficiaries of this study.

A Critical Analysis of the Empirical Ramification of Goods and Services Tax (GST) Implementation and Administration Through the National Information Utility (NIU) - Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) in the Republic of India

Vikash Kumar — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800

This study explores the empirical ramifications of Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation and administration through the Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) in India. Utilizing a qualitative approach, data was collected from interviews with 118 stakeholders, including business owners, tax professionals, government officials, and IT administrators. The study reveals that GSTN has facilitated significant improvements in the efficiency and transparency of GST processes. Key benefits include streamlined operations through automated tasks, enhanced compliance, and real-time data access, which have collectively contributed to a more efficient tax administration system.
However, the study also identifies critical challenges that impede the full realization of GSTN’s potential. These challenges include frequent technical issues such as system downtimes and slow processing speeds, a complex and non-intuitive user interface, and inadequate support and training for users. These issues lead to increased compliance costs, cash flow disruptions, operational delays, market uncertainty, and reduced consumer confidence, impacting both businesses and the broader economy.
The study further highlights the potential adverse effects of a GSTN failure on GST policy enforcement, including disruptions in tax filing and compliance, negative impacts on revenue collection, and increased administrative burdens. Despite these challenges, some respondents noted the adaptability of businesses and tax authorities through temporary workarounds, although these are not sustainable solutions in the long term.

Integrating Frontier Technologies: Enhancing Efficiency and Impact in the UN's Response to Global Challenges

Aboubakri DIAW — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800

This dissertation investigates the strategic integration of frontier technologies—Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, big data, Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing—within the United Nations (UN) to enhance operational efficiency and impact. The research aims to understand how these technologies can be leveraged to improve decision-making processes, resource management, and service delivery, ultimately strengthening the UN's response to global challenges.
The study employed a mixed-methods approach, collecting data from over 400 staff members across 40 UN entities through surveys, numerous expert interviews, and the analysis of more than 500 UN projects on AI and other frontier technologies. This comprehensive dataset provided insights into the operational impact of these technologies and the challenges and barriers faced during their integration.
Key findings indicate that the adoption of frontier technologies significantly boosts efficiency, transparency, and decision-making within the UN. For instance, big data analytics and predictive models, such as those used by the UN Global Pulse and the World Food Programme, have enabled the organization to forecast future scenarios and proactively address potential issues. Blockchain technology has improved transparency and efficiency in aid distribution, as demonstrated by the World Food Programme’s Building Blocks project. Additionally, IoT devices and advanced data analytics have optimized resource management in disaster response scenarios, enhancing the UN's logistical operations.
Despite these advancements, the study identified several challenges, including organizational issues like lack of coordination, risk aversion, and resource constraints. Technical challenges such as interoperability, cybersecurity risks, and legacy infrastructure also pose significant barriers. Ethical and regulatory concerns, particularly regarding data privacy and bias in AI systems, add further complexity to the integration efforts.
The research concludes that while the UN has made considerable progress in integrating frontier technologies, addressing these challenges through coordinated efforts, improved policies, and strategic collaborations – including with specialized tech companies - is crucial for realizing their full potential. The ongoing commitment to innovation and adaptability will enable the UN to better fulfill its mission of promoting peace, security, and sustainable development globally.

The Impact of Data Breaches in Smart Manufacturing: An Analysis of Cost and Mitigation Strategies

Ganesh Nagaraj — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800

In Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing systems, in spite of their productivity and efficiency, they encounter major cyber security risks more so the data breaches. My research thus looks at these threats as well as the various costs that result out of them in relation to smart manufacturing. It also assesses existing reduction strategies while outlining a holistic safety framework: SMART SAFE (Systematic Monitoring, Analysis, and Response Technologies - Security Assessment, Fraud Prevention, and Evasion Detection).
To measure the direct and long-term impacts of data breaches, evaluate current mitigation mechanisms and test the effectiveness of SMART-SAFE. This study is grounded on a mixed- methods research approach that combines literature review with case studies.
Evidences demonstrate that there are complicated expenses emanating from data breaches whereas current approaches do not offer airtight solutions for protecting systems from sophisticated cyber-attacks. Moreover, it has been observed that combining systematic monitoring with advanced analysis technologies together with response technologies like security assessment, threat forecasting techniques and evasion techniques are some of the most effective and efficient ways possible under this system.

Integrated Agriculture Practices & Food Value Chain: A Futuristic Approach for Sustainable Growth & Income of Farmers and Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)

Bharath Kumar Thota — Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800

This DBA thesis explores the potential of integrated agriculture practices and the food value chain
as a futuristic option for ensuring sustainable growth and income for farmers and Farmer Producer
Organizations (FPOs) especially related to Spices in Andhra Pradesh. With the growing challenges
faced by the agricultural sector, including climate change, market volatility, and resource
constraints, there is an urgent need to adopt innovative and holistic approaches. This thesis
examines the concept of integrated agriculture, its various components, and how it can be
seamlessly integrated into the food value chain of spices to benefit farmers and FPOs. The study
combines theoretical analysis, empirical research, and case studies to provide insights into the
transformative potential of this approach.
In addition to examining integrated agriculture practices, the thesis investigates how these
practices can be seamlessly integrated into the food value chain. The food value chain
encompasses all the stages of production, processing, distribution, and consumption of food. By
incorporating integrated agriculture into the food value chain, farmers and FPOs can achieve
greater efficiency and value addition at each stage, leading to improved profitability and
sustainability.
The thesis combines theoretical analysis with empirical research and case studies to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the transformative potential of integrated agriculture practices
within the food value chain. Through these approaches, the study identifies successful models
and strategies that can be replicated and adapted to different contexts.
Moreover, the thesis evaluates the impact of integrated agriculture practices on the economic,
social, and environmental aspects of farming. It assesses how these practices can contribute to
food security, poverty reduction, and the empowerment of rural communities.
The findings of the thesis offer valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers,
agricultural practitioners, and FPOs seeking to adopt integrated agriculture practices and
improve their participation in the food value chain. Ultimately, the thesis provides a roadmap for
achieving sustainable growth and income for farmers and FPOs through innovative agricultural
practices and value chain